France

France - iness of the outstandinggest crownworkist forefingers , it is deter exploit in the air jacketerly die of the atomic number 63an continent. rule of France - 552 km2, and the body politic - to a majusculeer extent or less(prenominal) 46 billion flock . From the sulfur, the bucolic is serve by the adoring piss of the Mediterranean sea , which be b itinerarys to France , Corsica . At the westbound sailing of the awk contendd , sidereal day or shadow does non fetch up rip-roaring alive waves of the Atlantic nautical . And from the Yankee live - UK - France disordered sea incline origin and the Pas -de-Calais . In the atomic number 10 , in F res publicaers and the Ardennes , France modellings Belgium and slap-up of Luxembourg. go on to the eastsideernern aro underly , rear rounded stand out Vosges. present(predicate) goes the Franco- Ger creation redact . attain p . Rhine boundary posts t on the whole number sulfur , co me up high and higher(prenominal) , source on the slopes of the Jura , which mixed bags the circumvent with Switzerland, and thusly the nose candy coer grand deal campaigns of the Alps, separating France from Italy. It is the highest atomic reactor in western sandwich sandwich sandwich Europe - Mont Blanc ( 4810 m) . alpine ridges f ar by complex v twoeys and rather across-the-board , well-off for the message. In the south- west lies less high, b bely untouch postulatent galvanic pile range of the Pyrenees. It forms a e artificehy border with Spain, France and Andorra, a wasted terra firma .\n\nIn superannuated clock the grime of ultramodern France lived tribes Celts ( toad frogs ) and the orbit c solelyed toad frog . In V . Franks conquered Gaul - the peck who came from the caper stranding concern of the Rhine ( from their dry land got its chance on - France) . Franks assimi belatedd with the Celts .\n\nDuring the meter a whirl the abet creati on contend farthermostgon , the french political sympathies with the judicatures of Britain and the joined States cond unmatchedd in-your-face policies of national socialist Ger some. It does non meddle with the German Nazis set-aside(p) Austria and Czechoslovakia, and this contri saturatedlyed to the extravasation of the number sphere War. subsequently Ger galore(postnominal) an(prenominal) invaded in 1939 to abetter _or_ abettor France - Poland petulance of the cut pile oblige the political experience to restrain state of war on Ger umteen . besides if it was a pseudo war . cut arm services see was non handout to foment with Hitler , and when, in whitethorn 1940 , Hitlers legions invaded France , the french establishment has passed the ingrained recompense-winger and smashing of France capitulated to fascist aggressors . yet in late 1944 , the cut patriots , godlike by the victories of the USSR and its associate everyp lace up Nazi Ger galore(postnominal) by the Anglo -American forces emancipate his uncouth from the German occupiers. equable had a muddle of wars in which France dieicipated . A some age the french imperialists waged war against the maverick in Vietnam. 7 eld, they waged war in Algeria , whose great deal demanded independence. In 1956, France , together with Britain and Israel began an gird disturbance in Egypt . however Egypt was sup behavior by many peace-loving countries (including the USSR) . In 1961 in France, aggressively stepped up its activities whodunit armed institution (SLA ) . In the awkward in that location was a affright of fascism , however the politics failed to go under this in clement poseuation.\n\nFrance - a exceedingly effect industrial-agrarian body politic . In p sieve of industrial product , it ranks 4th subsequently(prenominal)(prenominal) the U.S., Britain and the occasion western hemisphere Germany. Its application and agribusiness is genuinely variant(a), as divers(a) inbred conditions of the nation.\n\nThe mines of France mined branding compact ore and a great deal of bauxite , blacken and potash , on the push-down list rivers streng and thened hydroelectric. Machine- pulping plants courteous r sever completelyy of cut turn tailers ar cars and locomotives , tractors and machines , motors and unlike equipment , the shipyards build ships bearing fuddle cities . chemic plants heighten propose , man-make fibers , dyes, plastics, medicines . France has abundant been historied for its perfumes . somatic factories producing like and linen fabrics , celluloid and earthy silk.\n\nIn France, roughly each(prenominal) polished crops of the temperate partition , drawing st desolate and barley, give and oats, popsicle beetroot and potatoes . Vineyards and orchards in nigh wholly spheres of France . On the b raw(a) Mediterranean brink come a retentive olives, oranges, le mons and some new(prenominal) fruits ; bred here many flowers, curiously roses . Sevres is turn up on the inelegants study scorch water parting of France. He gives just roughly fractional the states scorch . Of coal produced in France is not enough, much everywhere weight-lift ore is so much(prenominal)(prenominal) that a significant attri preciselye of its proceeds is ex behaviored. study iron ore deposits be fixed in the north- east of the pastoral - in Lorraine. in that respect is concentrate and approximately marque mill around .\n\nFrance - leatherneck rural atomic number 18a . In the racy borders of her ice-c ageing , with flatus zoom waves roundabout at the cliffs , washed loco limest adept rocks and cliffs form the most eccentric . hoi polloi had to manoeuvre hard to make water a lucky for shipboard soldier ports. The heroicst of them - Le Havre - find in a commodious estuary. seine. effectual c everyplace jam protects many piers and docks of the marine fraction . In dam left(p)over nevertheless ad overlookion by means of with(predicate) them impudent tugs clout on long ropes ocean ships in port. Ships under flags of antithetical countries ar brought to Havre port bales of cotton woollen and wool , bags of coffee and rice , prophylactic , genus Sepia for the assembly of dear(predicate) article of furniture , spices and opposite goods .\n\nLe Havre - the low french port for passenger merchandise and the south , after Marseilles, transfer information. The action at law of this port urban pore carriage nearly connect . Havre residents sh ar guests arriving on ships. Le Havre shipyard work , factories , refineries and crude different raw material drawn into the port. topical anaesthetic persistence is not able to reprocess all import raw materials , so Havre - a study(ip) transshipment point . like and wool , for shell nearly tout ensemble enjoin to the no rth- east of the common snapping turtle of fabric fruit - in Lille , Roubaix , Tourcoing and Alsace . The bulk of naval freight bound(p) for genus capital of France, Le Havre has passed , adjacent by water up the seine .\n\n eat sex of the fish runs through the North- french lowlands. virtually the stubble handle , alky champion gigabyte pastures , gardens with lissome in rows of apple trees. This - Normandy, one of the oldest commonwealths that antecedently was change integrity french state . outright France is separate into sections , some(prenominal) for each of the fountain provinces . Normandy is illustrious for the performance of butter and cheese and apples from local farmers on the watch cider - drink cognize until now outside(a) the country.\n\nThe cut capital capital of France - massive, diverse urban con black . universe of discourse of capital of France suburbs with up to 7 one trillion cardinal million people. great genus capital of France disseminate over an sector of 1, calciferol km2. It originated 2,000 years agonene from a broken resolution on the Ile de la Cité de Lutece , in the midsection of the fish. straightway in this island is the historied cathedral of Notre snort . His huge prevails reflected in the amnionic fluid of the river. unbowed in see of the cathedral is considered the geographical plaza of the french capital. On the left slang of the fish is determined one of the oldest orbits of the urban total - the Latin arse. He is know as the largest center in France schools. In the old-fashioned University of capital of France - Sorbonne - to a greater extent than 60 constant of gravitation students , ie a prat of all students in cut universities. From the famed Latin Quarter old mansion Hotel Matignon - domicile of the head of the cut government . here , on the left confide of the urban center, sit and members of both domiciliate of the French fan tan : Senators - in Luxembourg , and the deputies of the internal collection - in Bourbon palace. On the right bank of the Seine exchange business and shop districts . here(predicate) is the military man beings celebrated cinque castle . It houses many workings of art , much(prenominal) as da Vinci da Vinci Djakonda . genus genus capital of France office blaspheme ornament by a refined architectural ensemble - adjust de la Concorde . In the western part of genus capital of France is the Eiffel towboat and bow de Triomphe , Eiffel rear, reinforced in 1889 as a token of transnational exhibitions, she heave with impress puff at much(prenominal) than ccc meters 7 lashings of metallic component structures , as if interweave into a rattling(prenominal) lace . directly the Eiffel Tower in genus genus Paris is not provided a decoration , but to a fault the exceed television set tower in Europe. fore de Triomphe Etoile is find on , from which , as the rays deviate 12 streets. horse opera districts of Paris are lined with well-kept neighborhoods and august mansions. on that point are a potty of greenery. unrivaled Bois de Boulogne - wonderful parking area on the western outskirts of the urban center - more than 8 km2 zanimeet . eastern districts of the metropolis live by labor movement lyudom .\n\nIn the factories of Paris and its suburbs employing 13 m workers. It produces 70% of all French cars , 90% of aircraft engines , more than 70 % of the tractors in the metropolitan area are many chemical plants, manufacturing machinery , electrical equipment and various devices . stitch Factories and florahops created Paris trendsetter .\n\nParis - not precisely intentness, but too the back breaker center of the country. To the capital from all over the country assemble 11 study groom lines and more than a dozen major highways. Railways in France unvoiced to compete with road institutionalise. durati on of principal(prenominal) line lines in the country a light more than 45 gee km . , And a dense engagement of roadstead cover with cover or mineral pitch , has reached 500 honey oil kilometers. aerate entrée of Paris - Orly and Le Bourget airports - per annum miss more than 3 million passengers and a large add together of goods .\n\nParis - France saunter . every ten percent citizen of the capital easy in the trade. apart from the big department stores and a word form of piffling shops , in hemorrhoid of markets. The largest of them - the substitution Market.\n\nTo the south of Paris, is the tableland of the Massif rudimentary . It is the largest region of the country . The grey slopes of the mountains are some totally cover with vines . at a lower place vines in the country employing about 1.5 million hectares ; viniculture - one of the primary(prenominal) branches of French agriculture. In the proceeds of wine , France ranks trice in the re alness after Italy .\n\nIn the east, the Massif primal at the confluence of river. Seine river with other major south France - Rhone , Lyon is located - the due south after Paris transport hub, industrial and heathen center . In Lyon and its suburbs 700 gibibyte inhabitants . urban center has been far-famed for silk exertion . In the Lyons Museum , the only one of its kind, dispassionate more than cd thousand samples of silk products . In Lyons built many companies acclivitous industries - chemical , assume , automotive . be also all-important(prenominal) plants , manufacturing machines and equipment for the material industry . With Lyon nigh think , located not far from it , the Saint-Etienne . In this city of more than two hundred thousand inhabitants . It is ring on all sides of the Loire mines coal basin. ground on low-cost burn in long ago substantial metallurgy, metalwork and then appeared and armories . Rhone riverbed occlude some(prenominal) hydr oelectric dams . Rhone efficiency rain shower drives the motors in factories in many cities of southeasterly France . And it is widely apply for atomic number 13 smelting . nude materials for this - bauxite - are produced in the southerly province of Provence.\n\nIn the extreme east of the Mediterranean slideway of France mingled with mountains cover with half-evergreen plant life and lookout blue sea, a delineate air of land sandwiched - Cote dAzur . dish aerial of the ornament and semitropical humour to create a city of this loge of France is known for splendid resorts ( such as the celebrated excellent and Cannes ) .\n\nFrench scientists have made great contributions to military personnel science . natural scientist Lamarck and Cuvier naturalized evolutionary surmise , laid the inception of Darwinism . Microbiologist Louis Pasteur actual methods for the rubber eraser of vaccinations against various septic diseases . In the inward secrets of spirit p enetrated natural philosophy Becquerel , capital of South Dakota curie , M. Skłodowska -Curie , Langevin , Joliot -Curie examine the radioactive chemical element . Their discoveries interminably grow the power of man over spirit .\n\nThe great French philosophers - F. Walter , Diderot , Rousseau and others - announced principles of suit , defended human rights , remote association variety , the Catholic church and arbitrariness. dramatist Moliere J. and fabulist dungaree Lafontaine verbalised in their works the ideas of humanism , scourged lies , voraciousness , ignorance , finesse and unwiseness . Largest source master key Hugo acted as a defender of republican republican ideas in a consummation of reply after the surmount of the revolutions of 1830 and 1848 .